Energy is a key point in an area, a country or even the world. This paper, based on the energy consumption structure and economic growth, applies the harmony theory, correction model and Granger causality method to studies the mutual relation between energy consumption and economic growth in Xinjiang, with the results indicating that the both has a long-term balance. One-way Granger causality exists between energy consumption and economic growth that energy consumption boosts economic growth, but economic growth does not enhance energy consumption.